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Use of Japanese Puzzles in Teaching Mathematics at Primary School
Pěničková, Barbora ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with Japanese puzzles and their use in teaching mathematics at primary school. Its main aim is to verify if it is possible for the pupils to achieve comparable results with older pupils and adult Sudoku solvers supposing that these learners are systematically guided through an escalating set of Sudoku puzzles. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the history of Sudoku, several strategies of its solving, other examples of Japanese puzzles and also on Sudoku in the context of its use at school. The practical part describes a series of experiments with pupils of the first, later second grade of a primary school, which were conducted in order to verify the hypothesis of this thesis.
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Ways and strategies of 10-12 years old pupils when solving selected type of word problems
Strnádková, Ivana ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Hejný, Milan (referee)
Title: Ways and strategies of 10-12 years old pupils when solving selected type of word problems Abstract This Diploma thesis is focused on word problems that, to some extent, make pupils troubles with their solution. In the first theoretical part there are word problems that the work deals with. These are word problems with ant signal, dynamic, complementary, graphic and their characteristics. The next section is about the strategy of solving word problems and work with mistakes. The second part is focused on experiment of all types of word problems that are described in the theoretical part. This experiment is analysed according to strategies of pupils' and teachers' solutions. Those strategies are later described and commented in detail. Key words word problem, solving strategy, mistake, source of mistake, grasping of word problem
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Comparing strategies when solving some types of word problems
Kohout, Ondřej ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of comparing strategies when solving selected types of word problems. The theoretical part deals with the notion of concept cartoons, selected types of word problems, the process and strategies for solving word problems and the results of foreign studies that focus on the influence of the comparison of solving strategies in teaching mathematics. The practical part of the work includes an analysis of selected Czech textbooks of mathematics for the lower secondary school, including teacher books, focusing both on the occurrence of multiple solving strategies for the same word problem and on didactic approach to the selected types of word problems. The core of the work is 15 original worksheets, consisting of concept cartoons, in which two hypothetical students present their solutions to the same type of a word problem. This work also includes a proposal on how to implement such a worksheet in class, along with a proposal for a possible continuation of the use of comparing strategies in mathematics teaching.
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Pupils' problem solving strategies at lower and upper secondary level
Hoffmann, Jan ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Mošna, František (referee)
This thesis Pupils' problem solving strategies at lower and upper secondary level brings a focus on the issue outlined by the name. At the same time, it focuses on pupils' strategies to solve problems that are closely related to information literacy. At first I define basic terms for the area of word problems. Consecutively I focus on the theoretical knowledge from the area of problem solving strategies themselves. The content of the experimental part of the thesis is the survey of pupils' solutions of eight selected tasks, by which I was looking for an answer of the three basic questions of this thesis. My experiment is divided into two branches. The first branch of the experiment took place at the lower level of the multi-year grammar schools. The second branch of the experiment took place at the higher grade of the multi-year grammar schools and, to a small extent, at the secondary school. The theoretical part contains views of various authors on issue of problems and word problems. I present and compare these individual approaches. The result is the demarcation of the terms needed for the experimental part of the work. The main aim of the experimental part of the thesis is to find the answers of three basic questions of this thesis, where I was using data from lower and higher grades of...
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Strategies used to solve working memory tasks
Afanasyeva, Krystsina ; Páchová, Anna (advisor) ; Preiss, Marek (referee)
Working memory training is a very popular subject in nowadays literature, but processes that underlie the process of task solving have not been researched much. The aim of this work is to find strategies that are used when solving n-back tasks, and to find out the influence of modality and level of abstraction on the performance and choice of strategies. For these purposes the training program NBack Campaign was chosen. In this study participated 23 children from 12 to 14 years old, because children of this age have not been researched much. The participants were presented with visual and auditory tasks with different levels of abstraction. With some of the participants were conducted semistructured interviews. Statistical analysis showed the modality effect on performance. The effect of the level of abstraction on performance was shown only in visual tasks. Furthermore, the strategies that corresponded with modality and level of abstraction were identified. KEYWORDS N-back, strategies, modality, abstraction, working memory training
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Symmetric and asymmetric context of word problems and its influence on the success of pupils' and on the types of their mistakes
Matějková, Klára ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
The thesis deals with the connection between the way the mathematical word problems are formulated and their being understood correctly by the pupils. The main focus is on the semantic cues present in the assignment of the word problem. The thesis can be divided into two parts. The first part, which provides the theoretical framework for the whole thesis, contains the definition of a word problem. The phases of word problems solving and the possible classification of word problems are mentioned. More attention is paid to the problems with translation cues; new concepts of asymmetric context and symmetric context, called semantic cues, are introduced. An overview of several related research studies from abroad follows. The core of the thesis lies in its second part, containing a study that examines whether the pupils would be more successful in solving problems with asymmetric contexts than in solving problems with symmetric contexts. The influence had been examined on two types of problems and four age categories of pupils and students. The research was carried out through the short tests and it was attended by the total of 503 pupils of selected elementary schools and grammar schools in Prague and students of the Faculty of Education of Charles University. A higher success rate for the asymmetric...
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Strategies of solving problems focusing on area of plane figures in elementary school
Patočková, Věra ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Tůmová, Veronika (referee)
The theme of the diploma work are pupil's strategies of solving selected problems focusing on area of plane figures. The theoretical part includes definitions of basic ideas - problem, area, problems of area, solving problems, solving strategies. Plane figures are classified into particular school classes. Every plane figure is presented by examples of types of the problems, which are most common in elementary schools. The practical part of the work begins with the preparation of an experiment, where the objektive of the experiment is introduced, selection of problems for this experiment, description of tested group and the way of getting data. Follows the description of realization of the experiment. It contains three problems of the area of plane figures which were solved by pupils of the eighth and the ninth class. Supposed strategies, expected mistakes and analysis of pupil's solutions are presented. Expected and obtained solving strategies are compared for every problems. The result of the experiment is summarised in the conclusion. Keywords: problem, area, problems of area, solving problems, solving strategies, heuristic strategy
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Ways and strategies of 10-12 years old pupils when solving selected type of word problems
Strnádková, Ivana ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Hejný, Milan (referee)
Title: Ways and strategies of 10-12 years old pupils when solving selected type of word problems Abstract This Diploma thesis is focused on word problems that, to some extent, make pupils troubles with their solution. In the first theoretical part there are word problems that the work deals with. These are word problems with ant signal, dynamic, complementary, graphic and their characteristics. The next section is about the strategy of solving word problems and work with mistakes. The second part is focused on experiment of all types of word problems that are described in the theoretical part. This experiment is analysed according to strategies of pupils' and teachers' solutions. Those strategies are later described and commented in detail. Key words word problem, solving strategy, mistake, source of mistake, grasping of word problem
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